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The canonical PINK1Parkin-mediated mitophagy enables the recognition and ubiquitination of damaged mitochondria, facilitating their autophagic clearance, while the receptor-mediated pathways involving BNIP3, NIX, and FUNDC1 provide additional layers of regulation, particularly under stress conditions relevant to aging and NDDs [59,60,61,62]

Chakraborty J, Das S (2014) Biosurfactant-based bioremediation of toxic metals

Antioxidants , 12 (4), 782

Both accumulated succinate and fumarate are potent inhibitors of prolyl 4-hydroxylases (PHDs)

The composition of the culture medium was based on the conditions investigated in the flask experiments above, but some components were prepared at somewhat higher concentrations (see Methods), taking into consideration the aim for a higher cell density in this culture system