glutathione peroxidase 5 function Pathways GPX4-independent ferroptosis—a new strategy in

The liberated N-terminal fragment of GSDMD (GSDMD-N) oligomerizes within the plasma membrane to form pores, leading to pyroptotic cell death 52

Cairns LV,Mills KI,Bezerra DP

Similarly, the upregulation of cytokines production in epithelial cells has been shown to be suppressed by sulforaphane, including in Caco-2 [135], human lung epithelial cells (BEAS-2B) [136,143,145], and primary mouse tracheal and human bronchial epithelial cells [139]

Exogenous factors, including various pollutants, could further increase extracellular GSSG, perhaps limiting the export of GSSG against a concentration gradient

Twenty microliters of supernatant was transferred into a 96-well plate, and 200 l of 37 C o-dianisidine hydrochloride solution was added immediately before the optical density was read at 450 nm and again 30 s later, as previously described 26