l carnitine tmao nature medicine 2013 koeth γ–Butyrobetaine is a pro-atherogenic intermediate in gut microbial metabolism of L-carnitine to L-Carnitine intake and high trimethylamine

L Carnitine intake and high trimethylamine N oxide plasma levels correlate with low aortic lesions in ApoE transgenic mice expressing CETP ScienceDirect Frontiers Gut Microbiota Dependent Marker TMAO in Promoting Cardiovascular Disease: Inflammation Mechanism, Clinical Prognostic, and Potential as a Therapeutic Target Butyrobetaine Is a Proatherogenic Intermediate in Gut Microbial Metabolism of L Carnitine to TMAO ScienceDirect A systematic review of TMAO, microRNAs, and the oral gut microbiomes in atherosclerosis and myocardial infarction: mechanistic insights and translational opportunities Journal of Translational Medicine Springer Nature Link Intestinal microbiota metabolism of l carnitine, a nutrient in red meat, promotes atherosclerosis Nature Medicine

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