Purkinje neurons coexist with specialized astrocytes (Bergman glia), which protect the neurons.Subjects with ASD have activated microglia [35], which export copious amounts of glutamate [42].Glutamate is a mitochondrial toxin [43-45], and is selectively toxic to neurons [46-48].Could glutamate be the cause of the mitochondrial dysfunction and selective Purkinje neuron degeneration observed in autism
It should be noted, for sperm parameters such as DNA fragmentation index and viability, the cryoprotective effectiveness of L-carnitine in asthenozoospermic specimens was superior to that of normozoospermic specimens (82)
Additionally, the authors suggest that assessing free TH levels during the withdrawal and abstinent periods is important because decreased hormone levels may be associated with increase withdrawal symptoms and craving for alcohol
Also, there are a variety of published studies that show L-carnitine is useful in increasing the hearts output and improving its functioning, as well as stimulating the hearts energy supply and improving cardiac performance
Prebiotics enhance probiotic proliferation and restore gut microbiota balance, which may alleviate gastrointestinal symptoms in ASD patients (Palmer et al., 2025)
