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non-hydrogen substituent refers to a substituent that is not made up solely of hydrogen

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Study Outline Ames Mutagenicity The Ames Mutagenicity test employs several strains of Salmonella typhimurium which have been selected based on their sensitivity to mutation because of: An increased cell wall permeability due to a mutation which causes partial loss of the lipopolysaccharide barrier that coats the bacterial surface, resulting in increased permeability to large molecules (rfa mutation) A mutation in the bacterial cell system which excises and repairs defects in the DNA, resulting in the inability to repair damaged or mutated sections (uvrB mutation) R-factor plasmids (some strains) and a multicopy plasmid (some strains) which contain error-prone DNA repair systems The tester strains also require histidine for growth, due to a mutation in the gene which controls production of histidine