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Int J Biol Sci 4:814 Siefermann-Harms D (1985) Carotenoids in photosynthesis

Challenges and Limitations Stability and Degradation Issues Peptide stability remains a fundamental challenge affecting both drug development and clinical use

In this manner, they are signalling mediators by reacting with redox-regulated proteins, but they can act as damage/signalling agents in many different physiological situations, including root injury, programmed cell death, senescence, stomata response to abscisic acid, and root response to auxin

Research indicates that abnormal amino acid metabolism can disrupt synaptic signaling, leading to excitotoxicity and neuronal death

doi: 10.3390/ijms17060939 83 IzzoGFrancescoAFerraraDCampitielloMRSerinoIMinucciSet al