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Lipid peroxidation in cellular membranes changes the intrinsic characteristics of phospholipid membranes, including disrupting ion gradient, reducing membrane fluidity, and increasing membrane permeability (Catala and Diaz, 2016

Following single oral doses R , S -lipoic acid (racemic mixture), peak plasma concentrations of R -lipoic acid were found to be 40%-50% higher than S -lipoic acid, suggesting a differential absorption in favor of the R -enantiomer (6, 8, 11)

2- A mixture of B1 as above and a unique form of vitamin B1 called Thiamine Tetrahydrofurfuryl Disulfide (TTFD) as IV drip

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It would be quite interesting to follow these studies with an investigation of brain mitochondria and estrogen receptors to determine whether sex steroid hormones in the brain might be involved in the gender differences seen in the prevalence of depression