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Abbreviations AChE: Acetylcholinesterase AD: Alzheimers disease AIM: Absent in melanoma AL002: Antibody targeting triggering receptor expressed on myeloid cells 2 APOE: Apolipoprotein E APP: Amyloid precursor protein APP: Precursor protein for amyloid ASC: Apoptosis-associated speck-like protein ATF6: Activator transcription factor 6 ATP: Adenosine tri phosphate A: Amyloid beta BACE: -Site amyloid cleaving enzyme CCL: Chemokines like CC-chemokine ligand CNS: Central nervous system cPLA2: Calcium-dependent phospholipase A2 CSF: Cerebrospinal fluid CSF1R: Colony stimulating factor 1 recptor CXCL8: Chemokine ligand 8 DAMP: Molecular pattern linked to damage DAP12: DNAX activating protein of 12 kDa DNA: Deoxyribonucleic acid EGF: Epidermal growth factor eNOS: Endothelium NOS ER: Endoplasmic reticulum ETC: Electron transport chain GC: Glutamyl cysteine GSDMD: Gasdermin D GSH: Glutathione HD: Huntingtons disease HNE: 4-Hydroxy-2-trans-nonenal HRD1: HMG-CoA reductase degradation protein 1 ICAM-1: Intercellular adhesion molecule-1 ICAM-1: Intercellular adhesion molecule-1 IFN-: Interferon gamma IFN-: Interferon-gamma IL: Interleukin iNOS: Inducible NOS IRE: Irreversible electroporation LPS: Lipopolysaccharide LRR: Leucine-rich repeat MITOL: Nitochondrial ubiquitin ligase mRNA: Mitochondrial RNA MS: Multiple sclerosis mTOR: Mechanistic target of rapamycin NADPH NOX2: Nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate oxidase2 NAIP: Neuronal apoptosis inhibitory protein NDG: NADPH-dependentdehydrogenase NEK7: NIMA related kinase 7 NF-B: Nuclearfactorkappa-light-chain-enhancer of activated B cells NLRP3: Pyrin domain containing protein 3 nNOS: Neuronal NOS NO: Nitric oxide NOS: Nitrogen oxygen species Nrf2: Nuclear factor erythroid 2 related factor 2 OGG1: 8-Oxo-guanine glycosylase p21: Cyclin dependent kinase inhibitor 1 p16: Cyclin dependent kinase inhibitor 2A p40: DeltaNp63 isoform of p63 p53: Tumor protein p53 P2X7R: Purinergic P2X7 receptor PAMP: Pathogen-related molecular pattern PD: Parkinsons disease PERK: Protein kinase R-like ER kinase PGE2: Prostaglandin E2 PS1: Presenilin 1 RNS: Reactive nitrogen species ROS: Reactive oxygen species SAMD: Senescence-related mitochondrial dysfunction SASP: Senescence-associated secretory phenotype SA--gal: Senescence-associated - galactosidase SIRT1: Silent information regulator sirtulin 1 SOD: Superoxide dinutase TBI: Traumatic Brain Injury TMEM259: Transmembrane protein 259 TNF-: Tumornecrosisfactor- TREM2: Type II transmembrane receptor TUFM: Mitochondrial Tu translation factor for elongation UPR: Unfolded protein response VEGF: Vascular endothelial growth factor Xbp1: X-box binding protein transcripts 8-OHDG: 8- Hydroxydeoxyguanosine 8-oxo-dG: 8 Oxo-2 deoxyguanosine 8-oxo-dGMP: 8 Oxo-2 deoxyguanosine mono phosphate 8-oxo-dGTP: 8Oxo-2deoxyguanosine 5triphsphate References Ampie L, McGavern DB (2022) Immunological defense of CNS barriers against infections

Single-cell RNA-seq of human induced pluripotent stem cells reveals cellular heterogeneity and cell state transitions between subpopulations

Neurodegenerative and Neurodevelopmental Diseases and the Gut-Brain Axis: The Potential of Therapeutic Targeting of the Microbiome