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Anti-inflammatory effects of spermidine in lipopolysaccharide-stimulated BV2 microglial cells

56 Conversely, astrocytic lactylation can also be neuroprotective

Circulating RBCs are subject to a continuous onslaught of endogenous and exogenous oxidative stress, and expectedly more stress is incurred during storage and during the harsh treatment by chemicals and/or exposure to UV lights [35]

Statistical analysis A combination of multivariate (orthogonal partial least squares discriminant analysis) and univariate (analysis of variance, linear modeling) approaches was applied to perform group comparisons, following the workflow described by Blaise et al

Importantly, the observed oxidative damage and mitochondrial impairment following GCLC knockdown were reproduced across multiple assays and time points, reinforcing its critical role in redox regulation and cellular viability [31,32,33]