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As direct peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor a (PPAR)- regulated genes, CPT1A, CPT2 and LCAD were up-regulated after treatment with PPAR agonist, fenofibrate (Feno), indicating the improvement of -FAO

Acyl-carnitines are amphiphilic molecules and facilitate mobility throughout cells, which play an essential role in the transport of activated long-chain fatty acids from the cytosol across the mitochondrial membrane toward the mitochondrial matrix, where -oxidation takes place 37,38

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doi: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2021.06.006 47

The causes are poorly understood and can only be established in one-third of cases