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Oral supplements, on the other hand, offer a convenient, non-invasive method of consumption, which is readily accessible for routine use

Nat Rev Gastroenterol Hepatol 14:921 Li LZ, Tao SB, Ma L, Fu P (2019) Roles of short-chain fatty acids in kidney diseases

Exosomes : Tiny messengers that promote tissue repair, reduce swelling, and help wounds heal faster

The diagram highlights the continuous interaction between multilayered regulatory mechanisms, omics platforms combined with functional validation approaches, and applied biotechnological strategies, underscoring their collective role in enhancing oxidative stress tolerance

Amino acids are the building blocks of protein, and people who eat high-protein diets probably ingest enough amino acid precursors to manufacture ample amounts of glutathione