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In a rat surgical OA model, intra-articular injection of a TBK1-encoding lentivirus reduced cartilage degeneration and osteophyte formation by remodeling the mitochondrial network and enhancing autophagic flux (88)

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The strong cytoprotective effect of 4-OH-E 1 has also been demonstrated in vivo 42

Again, 10 g/g GHK-Cu pretreatment significantly decreased both total cell counts and total protein in BALF, demonstrating its ability to maintain alveolar-capillary membrane integrity and reduce inflammatory cell accumulation

IV therapy is not a substitute for structured nutrition, sleep, and physical therapy.