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It was reported that ERs play also a crucial role in the cardioprotective effects of E2, particularly in regulating mitochondrial homeostasis, mitophagy, and autophagy in the heart [110]

Cells undergoing ferroptosis have very low levels of GSH and a disrupted oxidation-reduction balance

This configuration supports receptor-level interaction within adipocytes while minimizing affinity for the growth hormone receptor, distinguishing it from full-length GH and preventing downstream IGF-1 pathway activation

& Karolewicz, B

On the other hand, Ang 1-7/angiotensin type 2 receptor (AT 2 R) has a vasodilatory effect, inhibits inflammation and fibrosis, and plays a cardioprotective role (75)