can chewing tobacco cause miscarriage how does affect the fetus When a woman smokes cigarettes during pregnancy, her is exposed to many harmful chemicals. Reference: Smoking, Pregnancy and Fertility -
Smoking, Pregnancy and Fertility ASH Toxic effects of smokeless tobacco on female reproductive health: A review ScienceDirect Nicotine as a female reproductive toxicantA review Bhardwaj 2025 Journal of Applied Toxicology Wiley Online Library Smoking causes miscarriages. PDF) Smoking in pregnancy: pathophysiology of harm and current evidence for monitoring and cessation
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